The subject of Orthodontics 1 is taught in the fourth year of the Degree in Dentistry. It consists of a theoretical and practical syllabus that allows the student to make a diagnosis in orthodontics differentiating the different malocclusions according to their severity and therapeutic possibilities.

-This course deals with the diagnosis of dental and dentofacial malocclusion problems and also with the planning and knowledge of the different orthodontic techniques. Module competences: the diagnosis of dental, skeletal malocclusions and other anatomical or functional alterations. The knowledge of the possible orthodontic, orthopedic or surgical corrections is a competence. To be competent in the realization of diagnostic plaster models, analysis, articulator set-up and interocclusal records. Knowledge of making a cephalometric and esthetic diagnosis of the patient.



-To be competent in the elaboration of a diagnosis and treatment plan of the patient who requires treatment to solve his malocclusion.



-To be competent in the prescription of custom-made medical devices "orthodontic appliances and dento-facial orthopedics". To know the laboratory procedures for the fabrication of all types of prostheses and orthodontic appliances. To be competent in planning and performing interceptive orthodontic techniques. Know how to perform stabilization procedures after orthodontic treatment. Be familiar with more complex contemporary orthodontic treatments. Be familiar with the indications and therapeutic options for orthognathic surgery.

Theoretical topics, seminars, laboratory practices.



THEORETICAL COURSE 22 hours:



1. Orthodontics: concept and objectives. Origin and historical evolution of Orthodontics.



2. Nature and morphology of normocclusion. Concept and meaning. Relationships in the three planes. Keys of Andrews. Terminology to describe the malposition of individual teeth.



3. Concepts of general growth and development, places and types of growth. Rotation of the jaws during growth. Dimensional changes of arches during eruption.



4. Classification and characterization of malocclusion. Angle's classification. Lisher classification. Other classifications. Limitations of classification systems. Ackerman Proffit classification.



5. Generalities of the etiopathogenesis of malocclusions. Hereditary and congenital causes of malocclusions. Acquired causes of malocclusions Prevalence. Local factors. Alteration of the number of teeth. Size and shape anomalies.



6. Clinical history and examination in orthodontics. Anamnesis. Medical, dental and orthodontic history. Intraoral and extraoral examination. Examination of teeth and gums. Analysis of dental relations.



7. Analysis of study models I. Intermaxillary analysis: sagittal, vertical and transversal. Midline deviations. Measurements of tooth size. Methodology. Bolton's index.



8. Analysis of study models II. Individual arch examination. Arch form. Symmetry. Identification of each tooth. Abnormalities of position, shape and tooth size.



9. Radiographic anatomy. Panoramic radiography. Lateral skull radiography. Wrist and cervical spine radiography. Occlusal, frontal and scan radiography.



10. Photography in orthodontics. Photographic series in orthodontics.



11. Cephalometry. Objectives of cephalometry. Technical aspects. Taking and preparation of cephalometry. Cephalometric methods. Lateral cephalometric anatomy. Soft tissues of the profile. Hard tissues. Orientation, reference and superimposition planes.



12. Steiner cephalometry.



13. Ricketts cephalometric.



14. Biology of tooth movement. Tissue reaction to forces.



15. Biomechanics applied to Orthodontics I. Basic concepts. Forces and vectors. Control of tooth movement. Force systems. Types of controlled movements.



16. Biomechanics applied to orthodontics I. Static equilibrium. Active elements. Orthodontic metallurgy. Passive elements. Types. First, second and third order torques.





17. Comprehensive diagnosis. Orthodontic treatment planning.



18. Facial morphological analysis.



19. Class I syndrome.



20. Class II syndrome. Division 1.



21. Class II Syndrome. Division 2.



22. Class III syndrome.



23. Vertical syndromes.



24. Transverse syndromes.



SEMINARS: 10 hours.

Performance of the main cephalometric analyses. Cephalometric diagnosis in orthodontics.



LABORATORY PRACTICES: 36 hours.

Diagnostic plaster models in Orthodontics. Analysis of study models in Orthodontics.

 

Theoretical topics are given with lectures, and seminars with active methodologies based on the clinical case model.



The practices of plaster models will be carried out in the laboratories.



New technologies will be used as complementary tools.



Virtual classrooms will be used as a complement for the seminar practices.

• Continuous Assessment System
• Final Assessment System
• Tools and qualification percentages:
  • Written test to be taken (%): 60
  • Realization of Practical Work (exercises, cases or problems) (%): 30
  • Portfolio (%): 10

Continuous Assessment System



- Grading tools and percentages:

- Written test to be developed (%): 60%.

- Seminars (exercises, cases or problems) (%): 20% o Seminars (exercises, cases or problems) (%):

o Performance of laboratory practices: 10% (Continuous evaluation)



- Portfolio : 10(%)

The extraordinary evaluation will follow the same evaluation criteria as those used in the ordinary evaluation.

-For laboratory practices, students must wear a lab coat.

-For the seminars students will require: caliper, sheets of acetate or onion paper, square and bevel, protractor, indelible markers. Electronic devices (table, pc).

Basic bibliography

Basic bibliography:



-CANUT, J.A.: Clinical and therapeutic orthodontics 2nd ed. Editorial Masson. 2000.

-BRAVO , L A. Theory and practice of orthodontics. Editorial Lisermed. 2023.

-BRAVO , L A. Manual de ortodoncia. Editorial Síntesis. 2003.

-ENLOW, D.H.: Maxillofacial Growth. 3rd ed. Editorial Interamericana.Buenos Aires. 1992.

-GRABER, T.M.: Orthodontics. General principles and techniques 2nd ed. Editorial Médica Panamericana, 1997.

-MAYORAL, G, MAYORAL; J.: Orthodontics. Fundamental principles and practice 4th ed. Ed. Médica Panamericana. 1992.

-MCNAMARA, J.A.: Orthodontic and orthopedic treatment in the mixed dentition. 2nd ed. 1995.

-MOYERS, R.E.: Manual de ortodoncia 4ª ed. Ed. Médica Panamericana Buenos Aires. 1992.

-PROFFIT, W.R.: Contemporary Orthodontics 6th ed. Ed. Elsevier. 2019.

In-depth bibliography

-GREGORET J. Orthodontic treatment with straight arch. 2nd ed.Editorial Amolca. 2023.
-ARNETT G. Facial and dental planning for orthodontists and oral surgeons. Ed Elsevier. 2005.

Journals

Journals:
-American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics.
-Angle Orthodontics.