Geology is the natural science that studies the composition and structure of planet Earth, as well as the processes responsible for its evolution throughout the 4.6 billion years of geological time. By extension, it also applies to the study of the rest of the bodies and materials of the solar system.

Its scientific development began in the 17th century and allows us to understand, for example, plate tectonics, the history of life and its evolution, as well as climate changes. Geology is of fundamental importance in understanding natural phenomena such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. In addition, it plays a leading role in the exploration of mineral and hydrocarbon deposits, and in the evaluation of underground water resources. Its work is also related to solving environmental pollution problems and plays an important role in geotechnics and civil engineering.

The UPV/EHU began its studies in geology in 1971 and the current Department of Geology was created in 2020.