The subject Electrical Circuits is part of the Degree in Renewable Energy Engineering, within the common module of the industrial branch, which includes a group of subjects identified with those qualifications in the field of Industrial Engineering. It is one of the compulsory second-year subjects, taught in the first semester, with the aim of supporting subsequent electrical and electronic subjects. It is taught by faculty members from the Department of Electrical Engineering.



Electrical Circuits is a subject that serves as an introduction to electrical and electronic systems. Its main objective is to provide a general overview of the fundamental principles and most important aspects of electrical technology. Fundamental concepts of electricity are covered, and the basic tools for analysing electrical circuits are developed. Subsequently, the characteristics of modelling with dependent sources and the generalized use of the most relevant theorems in electrical network analysis are addressed. Additionally, the foundations for the analysis and design of three-phase networks are laid, highlighting the assemblies, measuring instruments, and devices associated with this type of networks.

KNOWLEDGE OR CONTENT:

-RCO1: The graduate will be able to identify concepts and techniques from basic and specific subjects that enable the learning of new methods, theories, and modern engineering tools, providing sufficient versatility to adapt to new situations in their professional practice.

-RCO2: The graduate will be able to describe the fundamentals of electrical circuits, electrical machines, low and medium voltage electrical installations, as well as energy generation and storage technologies.



COMPETENCIES:

-RC4: The graduate will be able to apply strategies specific to the scientific methodology: analyze the problematic situation both qualitatively and quantitatively, and propose hypotheses and solutions using models specific to renewable energy engineering.



SKILLS OR BROAD-SPECTRUM ABILITIES:

-HE1: The graduate will be able to solve problems with initiative, decision-making, creativity, and critical reasoning.

-HE5: The graduate will be able to work effectively in a team in a constructive manner, integrating abilities and knowledge to make decisions.

-HE6: The graduate will be able to acquire new knowledge and skills for continuous learning, as well as to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS.

An introductory chapter that describes basic electrical devices, as well as the fundamental laws of electrical circuits, nodal analysis, mesh current method, and the behaviour of inductors and capacitors in direct current (DC).

1.1: Fundamental Laws of Electrical Circuits.

1.2: Mesh Current Method.

1.3: Resistive Circuits.

1.4: Circuits with Inductances.

1.5: Behaviour of Inductors in DC.

1.6: Behaviour of Capacitors in DC.

1.7: Charging and Discharging of a Capacitor.

1.8: Equivalent Capacitance of Different Configurations.

1.9: DC Analysis of Networks with Resistors and Capacitors.

1.10: Thévenin and Norton Theorems.



CHAPTER 2: PERIODIC WAVEFORMS.

This chapter covers the fundamental concepts of waveforms, the average and root mean square (RMS) values of functions, the peak factor, and the form factor or ripple factor.

2.1: Fundamental Concepts of Periodic Waveforms.

2.2: Average Value of Periodic Functions.

2.3: RMS Value of Periodic Functions.

2.4: Peak Factor.

2.5: Form Factor or Ripple Factor.

2.6: RMS Value of Functions with Sine and Cosine Waves.



CHAPTER 3: AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS.

This chapter addresses the fundamental concepts of impedances, circuits excited by sinusoidal generators, the concept of phasors and their applications, active, reactive, and apparent power, power factor, power factor correction, and circuits with dependent sources.

3.1: Fundamental Concepts of Impedances.

3.2: Circuits Excited by Sinusoidal Generators.

3.3: Concept of Phasor and Applications.

3.4: Power in the General Case.

3.5: Active, Reactive, and Apparent Power.

3.6: Complex Power.

3.7: Boucherot Theorem.

3.8: Power Factor Correction.

3.9: Types of Dependent Sources.

3.10: Modelling of Devices with Dependent Sources.

3.11: Thévenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits with Dependent Sources.

3.12: Methodology for the Analysis of Networks with Dependent Sources.



CHAPTER 4: FUNDAMENTAL THEOREMS.

This chapter develops circuit analysis techniques that involve the use of fundamental theorems of circuit theory.

4.1: Analysis of Linear Networks.

4.2: Superposition Theorem.

4.3: Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.

4.4: Other Theorems.



CHAPTER 5: BALANCED POLYPHASE SYSTEMS.

This chapter covers three-phase electrical systems in the most common configurations used in such networks.

5.1: Balanced Three-Phase Systems.

5.2: Concepts in Balanced Three-Phase Systems.

5.3: Balanced Star Connection with Positive and Negative Sequences.

5.4: Balanced Delta Connection with Positive and Negative Sequences.

5.5: Star-Delta and Delta-Star Transformations.

5.6: Single-Phase Equivalent Circuit.

5.7: Power in Balanced Three-Phase Systems.

5.8: Methods of Power Measurement.



LABORATORY PRACTICALS.

Students will undertake 7 practicals, each lasting 2 hours. The practicals will cover the concepts explained in the theoretical syllabus:

-Measurements in DC Circuits.

-Measurement of Parameters in Capacitors and Inductors.

-Verification of Fundamental Theorems.

-Measurements in AC Circuits.

-Measurement of Power in AC Circuits.

-Measurements in Three-Phase Circuits.

-Measurement of Power in Three-Phase Circuits.

The course is organized into theory lectures (M), classroom practicals (GA), laboratory practicals (GL), and individualized tutorials, which are held in the professor's office.



The theoretical classes are conducted using a combination of conventional and IT means. Students have access to exercises to solve via the eGela platform, which are introduced as the necessary theoretical knowledge is taught. Additionally, students are provided with course notes containing solved exercises, exercises proposed in exams, unsolved exercises, and the set of laboratory practicals that will be carried out during the semester. In this regard, the format of the practicals includes the theoretical resolution of exercises and a set of tables that record the individual readings that students must perform through the setup of the experiments.

• Continuous Assessment System
• Final Assessment System
• Tools and qualification percentages:
  • Written test to be taken (%): 70
  • Realization of Practical Work (exercises, cases or problems) (%): 10
  • Individual works (%): 20

SISTEMA DE EVALUACIÓN CONTINUA

Para poder ser evaluado mediante el sistema de evaluación continua, se requiere de una asistencia a clase con regularidad.



Grading tools:

-Written Exam: This will account for 70% of the final grade. A minimum score of 4 out of 10 must be achieved in the Written Exam. The Written Exam will be held during the official examination period.



-Laboratory Practicals: This will account for 10% of the final grade. Attendance and completion of all laboratory practicals are mandatory to qualify for the continuous assessment system. In the laboratory test, a minimum score of 5 out of 10 is required. The laboratory practicals grade will not be saved from year to year.



-Individual and/or Group Projects: Projects will be completed throughout the semester, accounting for 20% of the final grade. The non-submission of any Project does not, by itself, imply a rejection of the continuous assessment system. However, not submitting any project will result in a 0 for that project when calculating the final grade.



If the laboratory practicals are not passed, the student may still take the written exam. If the written exam is passed, the course will not be considered passed, but the exam grade may be saved for the extraordinary exam. Similarly, if the laboratory practicals are passed but the written exam is not, the course will not be considered passed, but the laboratory practicals grade may be saved for the extraordinary exam.



If any of the minimum scores are not achieved, the final grade will be saturated at 4 out of 10.



FINAL SYSTEM EVALUATION

According to the Article 8 of the Regulations governing the assessment of students in official Bachelor's degree programs, students have the right to be evaluated through the final evaluation system. To do this, students must submit a letter/email to the to the course instructor asking for this evaluation system within the first 9 weeks from the beginning of the semester. The final evaluation system assesses learning outcomes through a test conducted during the official examination period. The test consists of a written exam (90% of the grade) and evaluation activities related to Laboratory Practical sessions (10% of the grade). A minimum score of 4 out of 10 is required on the exam, and a minimum score of 5 out of 10 is required on the Laboratory Practical evaluation activity. If any of the minimum scores are not achieved, the final grade will be saturated at 4 out of 10.



RENUNCIATION

According to Article 12 of the Regulations governing the assessment of students in official Bachelor's degree programs, in the case of continuous assessment, where the weight of the final exam is over 40% of the grade for the course, simply not attending the final exam will result in a final grade of "not presented".When it comes to the final evaluation system, not attending the test scheduled during the official examination period will automatically result in renouncing the corresponding exam session. Renouncing the exam session will lead to a final grade of "not presented".



INFORMATION REGARDING THE USE OF MATERIALS, MEDIA, AND RESOURCES:

In general, and unless otherwise indicated, the use of books, notes, or any other materials, as well as electronic, computer, or other devices, is prohibited during assessments at UPV/EHU. If necessary, during the assessment, places may be designated for students to deposit unauthorized materials, ensuring they are out of reach.

According to Article 9 of the Regulations governing the assessment of students in official Bachelor's degree programs, assessments in the extraordinary examination session will be conducted exclusively through the final evaluation system. The final evaluation system assesses learning outcomes through a test conducted during the official examination period. The test consists of a written exam (90% of the grade) and evaluation activities related to laboratory practicals (10% of the grade). It is necessary to obtain a minimum of 4 out of 10 points on the exam, and a minimum of 5 out of 10 points on the laboratory practicals evaluation activity. If any of the minimum scores are not achieved, the final grade will be saturated at 4 out of 10.



Not attending the test, scheduled during the official examination period, will automatically result in the renunciation of the corresponding examination session. Renouncing the examination session will lead to a final grade of "not presented".

Provided notes.

Basic bibliography

-Análisis de Circuitos Lineales I y II. A. J. Álvarez, P. Amo, M. Labrador, F. López, J. Palmero

-Teoría y Problemas de Circuitos Eléctricos. J.A. Edminister

In-depth bibliography

-Network Analysis. Van Valkenburg. Ed. Limusa
-Electric Circuits. J.W. Nilsson, S.A. Riedel. Ed. Prentice Hall
-Fundamentals of Electric Circuits. C.K. Alexander, M.N. Sadiku. Ed. McGraw-Hill
-Electric Technology. J.R. Folch, M.R. Guasp, C.R. Porta. Ed. Síntesis

Journals

-Cuadernos de energía
-Anales de Mecánica y Electricidad
-Ingeniería Energética

Web addresses

-https://egela.ehu.es/
-http://www.ingeniaritza-elektrikoa.ehu.es
-http://www.ree.es/es/
-http://www.unesa.es/
-http://www.iberdrola.es/