The main objective of this research project is to culture and monitor cell behaviors on ultra-structured 3D scaffolds incorporating cellulose-based components and self-reporting aptamers for the detection cell secreted signaling molecules. The scaffolds will be fabricated through 2PP-DLW, which enables the controlled localization of biosensors within the matrix of the scaffold. Novel self-reporting aptamers will be developed to enable the real-time monitoring of cell secretion, including cytokines and growth factor, within the inner structure of the scaffold. As cellulose has been widely acknowledged for its ability to provide a robust support structure for DNA, integration of cellulose-based materials, such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and microcrystals (CMC), within the scaffolds, will be carried out to function as effective containers for biosensors.