This subject will cover the study of the different approaches to the synthesis of drugs and organic products of medicinal interest. The knowledge acquired in the previous basic and fundamental study modules will be combined and the concepts will be associated between each other in order to understand them as a whole. In particular, this subject will cover concepts related to the structure-activity relationships, methods for the preparation of enantiomers, medicinal products of natural origin and drug synthesis.



The subject is conceived as a useful tool for the better comprehension of the different areas of chemistry and how thei interact with each other in a multidisciplinary field such as medicinal chemistry.

Skills of the advanced module which will be covered:



(M03CM07) Apply the concepts associated to structural analysis and organic reactivity to the synthesis of drugs and bioactive molecules.

(M03CM11) Explain orally and written phenomena and processes related to chemistry and associated subjects in an understandable way.

Chapter 1. Drug development. Definition of drug. Origin, nomenclature and selectivity. Drug development and associated stages: Issues to consider. Relevance, legal issues. Life cycle of a drug. Generic drugs. Industry and the pharmaeutical market. Mecanisms of action of a drug. Agonist and antagonist. Drug targets. Drug-target interactions



Chapter 2. Drug synthetic strategies. General principles. Drugs with aromatic structure. Drugs

heterocyclic Condensed heteropolycyclic drugs. Semisynthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics. Others.



Chapter 3. Drugs and chirality. Isomerism. Chiral drugs. Market of chiral drugs. Interactions with biological receptors. Obtaining chiral drugs. Determination of enantiomeric purity.



Chapter 4. Medicinal natural products. Techniques for the extraction of natural products. Drugs from the acetate, shikimate and mevalonate. Alkaloids.



Chapter 5. Combinatorial synthesis. Solid-phase techniques: solid supports, linkers and handlers, protecting groups. Introduction and principles of combinatorial chemistry. Solution-phase and solid-phase combinatorial chemistry. Design of libraries. Mix and Split method. Deconvolution. Determination of structure. Limitations.



Chapter 6. Chapter 4. Therapeutically useful molecules. Antibacterial drugs. Antiviral drugs. Anticancer drugs. Drugs for treating cardiovascular diseases. Drugs acting on the central and peripheric nervous systems. Gastric drugs.

The activity is divided into lectures (expository and explanatory sessions given by the teacher) , classroom practices (explanation with specific examples) and seminars (problem solving with shared participation Professor-student).

• Continuous Assessment System
• Final Assessment System
• Tools and qualification percentages:
  • Written test to be taken (%): 70
  • Exhibition of works, readings ... (%): 30

Continuous Evaluation:

1.- Final Exam: consisting of a theoretical and practical written test based on the concepts covered in the course. The appropriate approach to the subjects and the consistency and accuracy of responses will be assessed. A minimum of 5 out of 10 in this section is required. Percentage of the final grade: 70%.

2.- Individual works, readings, etc.: problem solving, works and / or oral repoirts related to the theoretical concepts given during lectures. The appropriate approach, clarity and accuracy of responses will be assessed. Importance will be given to the correct use of scientific therminology. Percentage of the final grade: 30%.

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Final Evaluation

1.- Final Exam: consisting of a theoretical and practical written test based on the concepts covered in the course. The appropriate approach to the subjects and the consistency and accuracy of responses will be assessed. A minimum of 5 out of 10 in this section is required. Percentage of the final grade: 100%.



The students will have the right to be evaluated through the final evaluation system, regardless of whether or not it has participated in the continuous evaluation system. For this, students must send in writing to the Professor the waiver of the continuous evaluation, during the first 9 weeks from the beginning of the semester, according to the academic calendar of the center. (Article 8.3 of the Student Assessment Regulations)

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Waiver of the Call: (Article 12 of the Student Assessment Regulations)

1.- The waiver of the call will mean the qualification of not presented.

2.- In the case of continuous evaluation, students may waive the call in a period that, at a minimum, iIt will be up to one month before the end date of the teaching period of the corresponding subject. This resignation must be submitted in writing to the Professor for the subject.

3.- When it is a final evaluation, the non-presentation to the test set on the official exam date will suppose the automatic resignation to the corresponding call.



A no-presential evaluation could be activated if the sanitary conditions so require and the student body will be informed of it just activate it.

The evaluation of the subjects in the extraordinary calls will be made exclusively through the system of final evaluation. (Article 9.2 of the Student Assessment Regulations)

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Final Exam: consisting of a theoretical and practical written test based on the concepts covered in the course. The appropriate approach to the subjects and the consistency and accuracy of responses will be assessed. Percentage of the final grade: 100%.

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Waiver of the Call: (Article 12 of the Student Assessment Regulations)

1.- The waiver of the call will mean the qualification of not presented.

3.- When it is a final evaluation, the non-presentation to the test set on the official exam date will suppose the automatic resignation to the corresponding call.



A no-presential evaluation could be activated if the sanitary conditions so require and the student body will be informed of it just activate it.

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Basic bibliography

1. G. L. Patrick AN INTRODUCTION TO MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, 3ª ed. Oxford, 2005.

2. C. Wermuth, D. Aldous, P. Raboisson, D. Rognan THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, Academic Press, 4ª

ed., 2015.

3. A. Delgado, C. Minguillón, J. Joglar, INTRODUCCIÓN A LA SÍNTESIS DE FÁRMACOS, Síntesis, 2002

4. P. M. Dewick MEDICINAL NATURAL PRODUCTS: A BIOSYNTHETIC APPROACH, 3ª ed., Wiley, 2009

5. C. Avendaño INTRODUCCIÓN A LA QUÍMICA FARMACEÚTICA. 2ª ed. Interamericana-McGraw-Hill. 2001.

In-depth bibliography

1. D. Lednice, STRATEGIES FOR ORGANIC DRUG SYNTHESIS AND DESIGN Willey, 2008
2. R. B. Silverman, CHEMISTRY OF DRUG DESIGN AND DRUG ACTION, 2ª ed.; Academic Press: New York, 2004.
3. T. Nogrady, D. Weaver, MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY. A MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL APPROACH, 3ª ed.; Oxford University Press: New York, 2005.
4. D. S. Johnson, J. J. Li, editores, THE ART OF DRUG SYNTHESIS: Wiley, 2007
5. X.-T. Liang, W.-S. Fang editors, MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY OF BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS, Willey, 2006
6. G. Thomas, FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, Wiley 2003.

Journals

Angewandte Chemie, International edition: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-3773
Chemistry. A European Journal: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-3765
Chemical Reviews: http://pubs.acs.org/journal/chreay
The Journal of the American Chemical Society: http://pubs.acs.org/journal/jacsat
Organic Letters: http://pubs.acs.org/journal/orlef7
The Journal of Organic Chemistry: http://pubs.acs.org/journal/joceah

Web addresses

The Merck Index Online, http://library.dialog.com/bluesheets/html/bl0304.html
databases on organic compounds: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
IUPAc nomenclature in Organic Chemistry: http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/