The generation of electrical energy and the technologies developed for this purpose (renewable and non-renewable) are a central theme in the Degree in Electrical Engineering. The techniques of design, analysis, control and protection of generation facilities are the object of study throughout the semester in which this subject is taught. On the other hand, the relationship that the sector has in the achievement of the objectives of sustainable development (ODS) of the United Nations will be worked on.



The competencies and knowledge developed in the subject allow students to have a solid base in the technical knowledge necessary to:

- propose electricity generation projects in the Final Master's Dissertation,

- propose electrical and control installations for power generation plants, together with the knowledge of high and low tension acquired in other subjects of the degree.

- carry out the comparison between different technologies of electrical generation in terms of their environmental, social, economic impact, etc., together with the knowledge acquired in other subjects of the degree.



PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE:

To approach these contents with guaranteed success, the students must have previously mastered the topics and competencies corresponding to the subjects indicated below:

- Fundamentals of electrical technology.

- Electric machines (Classic model of synchronous machine).

- Automatic regulation.

In this subject, two types of competencies will be worked on: on the one hand, those corresponding to the module or specific competencies; and on the other hand, the transversal and general competencies of the degree.



The competencies corresponding to the module to be developed in the subject are:

+ TEE9: Capacity for the design of power plants.

+ TEE10: Applied knowledge on renewable energies.



The transversal and general competencies of the degree that will be worked on are:

+ C4: Ability to solve problems with initiative, decision making, creativity, critical reasoning and to communicate and transmit knowledge, competencies and abilities in the field of Industrial Engineering, specific Electrical Technology.

+ C6: Ability to handle specifications, regulations and mandatory standards.

+ C7: Ability to analyze and assess the social and environmental impact of the technical solutions.

+ C11: Knowledge, understanding and ability to apply the necessary legislation in the exercise of the profession of Industrial Technical Engineering, specific electrical technology.

+ C14: to work effectively in groups integrating competencies and knowledge to make decisions in the field of industrial engineering, electrical expertise

TEMARY



TOPIC 1: Generalities of electrical energy and its production.

Definition of the general characteristics of the electricity sector and introduction to the concepts of generation. World energy situation. Centralised and distributed generation. Storage. Microgrids and smartgrids.



TOPIC 2: Normative and legislation of the generation system and the electricity market.

This topic presents the normative that affects the generation system and the way the electricity market works since the process of liberalization of electricity generation. Introduction to the concept of self-consumption and net balance applied in some European countries. Study of the electricity bill.



TOPIC 3: Synchronous generator stability.

Description of the synchronous generator model for the analysis of its steady state behavior and stability to disturbances.



TOPIC 4: Non-renewable technologies

Basic concepts of thermal generation, combined cycle, cogeneration and nuclear generation. Description of the elements and equipment that comprise the power plants and their operation. Emerging non-renewable technologies.



TOPIC 5: Voltage and frequency regulation of the alternator. Control centers.

Techniques for voltage and frequency regulation of the synchronous generator connected to the grid. Function of the control centers within the electrical power system.



TOPIC 6: Renewable technologies.

Basic concepts of hydro, wind, solar, geothermal and biomass generation. Description of the elements and equipment that constitute the power plants and their operation. Emerging renewable technologies.



TOPIC 7: Grid connection and alternator protections.

Grid connection of the generation. Alternator protections to ensure both its safety and that of the generation system.



COMPUTER PRACTICAL SESSIONS:

Practice 1: Handling of legislation and regulations.

Practice 2: Generator stability analysis.

Practice 3: Application of Euler's numerical prediction-correction method to solve stability models.

Practice 4: Voltage and power control of the synchronous generator connected to the grid.

In this course, Project Based Learning (PjBL) and active methodologies will be applied together with the traditional methodology. Starting from the traditional methodology, active methodologies will be introduced little by little in the teaching-learning process, orienting the students to be active subjects.



The following activity will be carried out using the project-based learning methodology:

- A1: Framework Project (PjBL): students will work in groups of 2 or 3 students on a project. There will be group work sessions for this. The project will be defined by the teaching team through a list of activities (milestones). Each group will carry out these activities for a different physical location making decisions and adapting to the characteristics of the place. Within the established deadlines, each group will present a report on the work done. These reports will be evaluated and the group will be able to correct them before the deadline. In the last week of classes, the project will be defended (project defense).



Other active methodologies will be introduced through these activities:

- A2: Resolution of exercises by groups and contrast with other groups.

- A3: Presentation in class by the students of problems, exercises and homework.

- A4: Various activities in the computer classroom (consultation of institutional websites and development of the project, among others).



The activities that will be developed according to the traditional methodology are:

- A5: Lectures: short presentations to clarify or expose different parts of the subject following the proposed agenda and the recommended bibliography.

- A6: Minimum exams that allow students to analyse their knowledge, and the teaching team to evaluate the degree of knowledge achieved. These exams will consist of basic questions of the subject and will allow the students to free up the subject matter for the final exam. After these tests, reinforcement activities will be carried out to correct the deficiencies and learning difficulties detected.

- A7: Within the laboratory timetable the students will carry out the required practices (individually or in group) and will deliver the corresponding sheet of results of the activity together with the appropriate calculations and critical considerations.

considerations.

- A8: Lectures by experts to have a closer view to the reality of the topics covered in class.

- A9: Field practices: the students, together with the teachers, will visit centres of generation or control of electric energy that allow a better understanding of the subjects taught in class, and they will be able to dialogue with professionals of the sector.

- A10: During the whole four-month period, the professors of the course will be available for consultations in the tutoring schedule indicated in the official web page of the centre.

- A11: Students, in an autonomous way, will have to study to assimilate and retain the concepts and solve the proposed exercises.

• Continuous Assessment System
• Final Assessment System
• Tools and qualification percentages:
  • Written test to be taken (%): 30
  • Multiple-Choice Test (%): 10
  • Oral defense (%): 10
  • Realization of Practical Work (exercises, cases or problems) (%): 10
  • Individual works (%): 10
  • Team projects (problem solving, project design)) (%): 30

A calculator may be used for controls and exams.



OPTION OF THE EVALUATION SYSTEM:

The default evaluation system will be the continuous evaluation system (A). Students who wish to exercise their right to be evaluated by the final evaluation system (B) must submit in writing (with entry record at the centre or corporate email) to the teacher responsible for the subject the waiver of continuous assessment, for which they will have a period not exceeding 9 weeks from the beginning of the term. This request will result in the loss of the points accumulated in the activities of the continuous evaluation system.



SYSTEM A:



O.A.1 Evaluation Percentages:

See "Evaluation tools and percentages of final mark" section.



O.A.2 Description of activities:

- The framework project of the subject will consist of several deliverables and activities to be carried out both individually and in groups.

- In addition to the project, the activities mentioned in the evaluation tools section will be carried out.



NOTE: The specific information about the project and other activities as well as the evaluation rubrics will be presented in the Student Guide that will be delivered at the beginning of the term.



O.A.3 Waiver of the exam:

- Failure to appear for the tests set on the official exam date of the ordinary exam will mean the automatic waiver of said exam.



O.A.4: Requirements to pass the course:

- Failure to participate in any of the class activities implies obtaining a grade equal to 0 in this activity.

- Framework project: if any of the deliverables does not meet the minimum requirements, after analysing it with the teacher, the students will correct the errors and re-submit it.

- Activities other than the framework project: in each of these activities the student must obtain at least 50% of the maximum grade. EXCEPTION: in minimum exams, students must pass each one of them with a grade higher or equal to 6/10 in order to accredit the achievement of the basic concepts of the subject (freeing the subject for the exam) and weighting with the other activities. Students who do not pass a minimum exam will have to demonstrate their knowledge of these topics on the official date of the ordinary exam in the written tests. The grades obtained in the rest of the activities carried out throughout the term will be maintained for the final grade.

- In order to pass the course it is necessary to obtain a final grade equal or higher than 5/10.



SYSTEM B:



O.B.1 Evaluation percentages:

- See section on "Evaluation tools and percentages of final mark".

- The activities of "Individual work" and "Team work" will be carried out DURING the term, by means of eGela and/or institutional mail.

- The rest of the activities will be carried out on the date foreseen for the ordinary official call: practical session, test, written exam, work presentations, oral defense, etc.



O.B.2 Description of activities:

- The project framework of the subject will consist of several deliverables and activities that will be carried out both individually and in groups.

- In addition to the project, the activities mentioned in the grading tools section will be carried out.

- In this evaluation system there will be no "minimum exams".



NOTE: The specific information about the project and other activities as well as the evaluation rubrics will be presented in the Student Guide that will be delivered at the beginning of the term.



O.B.3 Waiver of the call:

- Failure to take the exams set on the official exam date of the ordinary exam will result in the automatic waiver of said exam.



O.B.4: Requirements to pass:

- It applies the review corresponding to "Framework project" of section O.A.4.

- In activities other than the framework project: In each of these activities the student must obtain at least 50% of the maximum grade.

- In order to pass the course it is necessary to obtain a final grade equal or higher than 5/10.

A calculator may be used for controls and exams.



CHOICE OF ASSESSMENT SYSTEM:

In the extraordinary call, the same assessment system chosen by the student for the ordinary call will be followed.

In the extraordinary call, only those activities whose grade in the ordinary call is less than 50% of the maximum grade of the activity will be assessed.



SYSTEM A:



E.A.1 Assessment percentages: the percentages of the ordinary call are maintained.



E.A.2 Description of activities:

- In the case of work (either individual or group work), the documents will be corrected according to the observations made by the teacher in the ordinary call.

- The rest of the pending activities will be assessed on the official exam date of the extraordinary exam.



E.A.3 Waiver of the exam:

- Failure to sit the exams set on the official exam date for the extraordinary exam will automatically mean that the student will not be able to sit the exam.



E.A.4: Requirements for passing the course:

- In each of the activities the student must obtain at least 50% of the maximum grade.

- A final mark of 5/10 or higher is required to pass the course.



SYSTEM B:



E.B.1 Evaluation percentages: the percentages of the ordinary call are maintained.



E.B.2 Description of activities:

- In the case of work (either individual or group work), the documents will be corrected according to the observations made by the teacher in the ordinary exam.

- The rest of the pending activities will be assessed on the official exam date of the extraordinary exam.



E.B.3 Waiver of the exam:

- Failure to sit the exams set on the official exam date of the extraordinary exam session will result in the automatic waiver of the exam. automatic waiver of the exams.

E.B.4: Requirements for passing the subject:

- In each of the activities the student must obtain at least 50% of the maximum grade.

- In order to pass the course, a final mark equal to or higher than 5/10 is required.

- eGela Documentation of the subject's web page. Accessible at: https://egela.ehu.eus/
- High and Low Voltage Regulations
- Institutional mail (xxx@ikasle.ehu.eus)

Spanish group: - Notes (transparencies) on the subject
Basque group: - Energia Elektrikoaren Sorkuntza, Igor Albizu Flórez, Esther Torres Iglesias, Pablo Eguía López, Agurtzane Etxegarai Madina, Elvira Fernández Herrero. ISBN: 978-84-9860-905-9

Basic bibliography

Basic bibliography

In Spanish:

- J. Fraile Mora, "Máquinas Eléctricas." 6 ed. Madrid: Mac Graw-Hill/Interamericana de España , S.A.U. 2008. 864 p. ISBN 84 481 6112 2.

- A.L. Orille "Centrales Eléctricas". Ser. Publicaciones UPC, Barcelona, 1996.

- A. Madrid, "Energías renovables" Ed Antonio Madrid 2008

- J. L. Rodríguez , S. Arnalte J.C. Burgos " Sistemas eólicos de producción de energía eléctrica". Ed. Rueda, Alcorcón, Madrid 2003

- "Principios de conversión de la energía eólica" CIEMAT, Madrid (2005)

- J.M. Méndez, R. Cuervo, "Enegía Solar Fotovoltaíca", Ed. Fundación Confemetal, Madrid 2008



In Basque:

- Energia berriztagarriak. Eskuliburu teknikoa. Eva Esteire, Ana Madrid, Antonio Madrid, UPV/EHU, 2013-06-27

- MERKATU ELEKTRIKOA ETA POTENTZIA SISTEMA. Zigor Larrabe Uribe. ISBN 978-84-692-8476-6

- Energia Hiztegia: http://www.entevascodelaenergia.com/energia/index.html

In-depth bibliography

In-depth bibliography

- "Tecnologías energéticas e impacto ambiental" .Ciemat .Ed.McGraw-Hill
- Wood , "Power generation, operation and control", , Ed. Wiley
- Bergen, "Power system analysis", Ed. Prentice Hall
- "Power Plant Engineering" Springer, 1995
- "RCE : reglamento sobre centrales eléctricas, subestaciones y centros de transformación e instrucciones técnicas complementarias" 2006 Ed. Madrid: Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio
- M. Aparicio "Energía solar fotovoltaica : cálculo de una instalación aislada" Ed. Marcombo, 2008
- Godfrey Boyle "Renewable energy" Oxford University Press, Oxford (2004) - (2nd ed)
- S. Chapman, "Máquinas Eléctricas". 4 ed. México: Mac Graw-Hill. 2005. 768 p. ISBN 9701049470.
- J. Ramírez, "Centrales Eléctricas", Ed. CEAC, Barcelona, 1995
- J. Sanz Feito, "Centrales Eléctricas" ,UPM

Journals

In Spanish:

- Energía: Ingeniería energética y medioambiental.
- Dyna. https://www.revistadyna.com/inicio-dyna
- Energy Policy: www.journals.elsevier.com/energy-policy
- Energy For Sustainable Development: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy-for-sustainable-development
- Renewable Energy: www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy/

In Basque:
- https://zientzia.eus/

Web addresses

International:

- IEA (International Energy Agency) www.iea.org
- World Energy Council: www.worldenergy.org
- IRENA (International Renewable Energy Agency) www.irena.org
- ENTSO-E European TSOs association: www.entsoe.eu
- IEEE Smart Grid:smartgrid.ieee.org/
- Wind Europe (antes EWEA): windeurope.org
- International Conference on Electricity Distribution: www.cired.net
- CIGRE (Power Systems Expertise): www.cigre.org
- IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission): www.iec.ch
- CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization): www.cenelec.eu
- EDF: www.edf.fr

National:
- BOE (Boletin Oficial del Estado): boe.es
- IDAE Instituto para la Diversificación y Ahorro de Energía: www.idae.es
- Red Eléctrica de España: https://www.ree.es/es
- Grupo Iberdrola: https://www.iberdrola.com/
- Iberdrola comercialización: https://www.iberdrola.es
- i-DE Redes Eléctricas Inteligentes, S.A.U.: https://www.i-de.es/
- Endesa: www.endesa.com
- Foro de la Industria Nuclear Española: https://www.foronuclear.org
- Comisión Nacional del Mercado y la Competencia: https://www.cnmc.es
- AELÉC (Asociación de Empresas de Energía Eléctrica, antes UNESA): https://www.aelec.es/
- Asociación de Productores de Energías Renovables https://www.appa.es
- OMIE (Operador Mercados Iberia Polo España): https://www.omie.es/es
- Cluster de Energía CAPV: http://www.clusterenergia.com/inicio

In Basque:
- EVE: Ente Vasco de Energía: https://www.eve.eus/
- IDAE: https://www.idae.es/eu/home
- CNMC: https://www.cnmc.es/eu
- Euskarazko materialak: https://jakinbai.eus/elektrizitatea-eta-elektronika