The study of the electrical power system basically encompasses three different areas: generation, transmission and distribution, and the consumption of electrical energy. This compulsory subject in the third year of the Bachelor's Degree in Electrical Engineering basically focuses on the second of these, transport and distribution.

The subject is subdivided into two main blocks:

- The study of the electrical power system as it relates to the transmission and distribution of electrical energy on a large scale, and

- The study of the infrastructure used for such transmission and distribution: high-voltage power lines.



The electrical power system is very broad and encompasses technical, economic, political, environmental aspects, etc. This subject, along with others in the third year, is part of a group of subjects (TEE module) that will instruct the student of the Bachelor's Degree in Electrical Engineering in the knowledge required about the high-voltage electrical systems used for the generation, transport and distribution of electrical energy.



PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

To take this subject, it is highly recommended to have taken and passed the subject of Fundamentals of Electrical Technology in the 2nd year, belonging to the common module of the Industrial Branch (CRI). It is also important to have studied: Calculus, Algebra and Physics.

The competencies and learning outcomes of the degree that will be worked on are:



* TEE 5. Ability to calculate and design power lines and transmission of electrical power.

* TEE6. Knowledge of electrical power systems and their applications.

* RA-TEE 7.Accurately design and calculate electric power transmission lines.

* RA-TEE 8. Critically analyze and discuss problems related to power lines and electrical power systems.

* RA-TEE 9. Design, analyze, simulate and implement electrical power systems.



And the specific ones of the subject:

- Know, understand and describe in detail orally and in writing the fundamental concepts of the transmission of electrical power and the operation of electrical power systems.

- Know how to rigorously apply the rules and regulations in force corresponding to electrical power systems and the calculation and design of power lines.

- Properly calculate the electrical and mechanical parameters of power lines, develop appropriate models based on these parameters, and obtain the associated electrical and mechanical magnitudes.

- Know and use computer tools for the study of electrical power systems and for the calculation of lines.

Topic 1: The electrical power system. (5 h)

Historical evolution. Electrical energy production. Transmission and distribution of electrical energy. Consumption. Environmental consequences. Technological, economic and regulatory context.



Topic 2: Synchronous generator and power transformer: models and values per unit. (12 h)

The three-phase power transformer. The synchronous generator. Generator connected to an infinite power node. The per unit system. Per unit analysis of two-winding transformers. Advantages of working on per unit in power grids. Regulation transformers.



Topic 3: Calculation of power flows. (5 h)

Model of the grid. Power flow equations. Types of nodes. Overview of Resolution Methods. Different modes of power flow calculation.



Topic 4: Study of short circuits in high voltage lines. (3.5 h)

Short circuit far from the generator. Short circuit close to the generator. Characteristic values of short-circuit currents. Symmetrical components. Models of the power system elements for the different sequences. Application to short-circuit analysis. Connection of sequence networks.



Topic 5: High Voltage Power Lines: Types and Components. (5 h)

Regulations. Underground high-voltage lines. High-voltage overhead lines. HVDC technology.



Topic 6: Electrical parameters of transmission lines. (10 h)

Flux and inductance. Calculation of inductance in three-phase lines. Potential difference and capacity. Calculation of capacity in three-phase lines. Resistance of the lines. Conductance of the lines. Typical values of electrical constants.



Topic 7: Modeling and steady-state analysis of power lines. (12 h)

General model. Line without losses. Simplified models. Natural or characteristic power of a line. Voltage-power relationships. Line compensation.



Topic 8: Mechanical calculation of conductors. (13.5 h)

Catenary equation. Objectives of mechanical calculation. Equation of change of conditions. Calculation of different cases.

Teaching will be carried out through master classes, in which the necessary theoretical foundations will be worked on, with individual reading, search for information, problem solving and questions, both individually and in groups.

The students, autonomously and with tutorial action, must study to assimilate and retain the concepts and solve the proposed exercises.

In the laboratory practices, models and simulations of the Electrical Power Systems and HV Power Lines will be carried out.

As a teaching support tool, the UPV/EHU's eGela platform will be used, where students will be able to find information on the different topics of study in the form of notes, regulations and official standards or catalogues and technical manuals from manufacturers.

• Continuous Assessment System
• Final Assessment System
• Tools and qualification percentages:
  • Written test to be taken (%): 40
  • Multiple-Choice Test (%): 10
  • Individual works (%): 10
  • Team projects (problem solving, project design)) (%): 25
  • Hands-on lab test (%): 15

The default evaluation system will be continuous evaluation (A). Students who wish to exercise their right to be evaluated through the final evaluation system (B) must submit in writing (by sending an email to the theory teacher with acknowledgement of receipt) to the teaching staff responsible for the subject the refuse of continuous evaluation, for which they will have a period of no more than 9 teaching weeks from the beginning of the course. Submitting such a request will result in the loss of the points accumulated in the continuous assessment activities.

In the tests and exams, you can use a calculator and specific support information that will be provided by the teaching staff in the "documentation for the exam" section on the eGela platform prior to this call.



A) CONTINUOUS EVALUATION SYSTEM

During the course, students will have to individually carry out exercises, questions, presentations or problems. This will make it possible to monitor the learning process of the students and to carry out continuous evaluation.

The grading percentages will be those defined in the "Tools and grading percentages" section. Students who do not submit the exercises, questions or laboratory practices will be evaluated with a zero in these sections.

The teamwork will include the resolution of problems of power flows, and the electrical and mechanical calculation of an overhead line.

In the middle of the semester there will be a test that will contain the theory and the problems corresponding to the first four topics. In order to average both parts, it is necessary to obtain a minimum of 4 in each of them. If the resulting total grade is equal to or greater than 6, the evaluated topics will be released for the ordinary call, and the extraordinary one (as long as the ordinary call has been taken).

In the final exam it will be necessary to obtain a minimum of 4, both in the theoretical part and in the problems part, so that the average is made with the rest of the parts.

Failure to take the exam on the official date of the ordinary call will mean the automatic refuse of said call, which will lead to the grade of Not Presented.

A minimum grade of 5 is required to pass the subject.



B) FINAL EVALUATION SYSTEM

The weightings of each of the sections that make up the final grade are:

- Written test to be taken: 85%.

- Hands-on lab test: 15%

In the final exam it will be necessary to obtain a minimum of 4, both in the theoretical part and in the problem part, so that the average is made with the rest of the parts.

Failure to take the exam on the official date of the ordinary call will mean the automatic refuse of said call, which will lead to the grade of Not Presented.

A minimum grade of 5 is required to pass the subject.

In the tests and exams, you can use a calculator and specific support information that will be provided by the teaching staff in the "documentation for the exam" section on the eGela platform prior to this call.



A) CONTINUOUS EVALUATION SYSTEM

The grading percentages will be the same as for the ordinary call and continuous assessment system.

The grade for team work and individual tasks will be the one corresponding to the ordinary call and continuous evaluation system.

In the final exam it will be necessary to obtain a minimum of 4, both in the theoretical part and in the problems part, so that the average is made with the rest of the parts.

In the extraordinary call, the marks obtained in the individual works will not be taken into account, if they do not represent an improvement in the final grade.

Failure to take the exam on the official date of the ordinary call will mean the automatic refuse of said call, which will lead to the grade of Not Presented.

A minimum grade of 5 is required to pass the subject.



B) FINAL EVALUATION SYSTEM

The grading percentages will be the same as for the ordinary call and the final evaluation system.

In the final exam it will be necessary to obtain a minimum of 4, both in the theoretical part and in the problem part, so that the average is made with the rest of the parts.

Failure to take the exam on the official date of the ordinary call will mean the automatic refuse of said call, which will lead to the grade of Not Presented.

A minimum grade of 5 is required to pass the subject.

- Notes and exercises for the subject Power Lines and Electrical Power Systems (In spanish). Authors: Juan José Ugartemendia, Elena Monasterio.
- High Voltage Power Lines Regulations (RLAT)

Basic bibliography

- Grainger J.J W. Stevenson. Análisis de Sistemas de Potencia. Ed. McGraw-Hill/Interamericana. 1996.

- Duncan Glover J. Sistemas de Potencia. Ed. Thomson. 2003.

- Zorrozua Arrieta M.A. Energia Elektrikoa Garraiatzeko Lineak. Argitalpen Zerbitzua UPV-EHU. 2003.

- Checa L.M. Líneas de Transporte de Energía. Ed. Marcombo, 3ª edición. 1988.

In-depth bibliography

- Ras E. Teoría de líneas eléctricas I y II. Ed. Marcombo, 1998.
- Bayliss C. Transmission and Distribution Electrical Engineering. Ed. Newnes, 2nd edition. 1999.

Journals

- Revista DYNA
- Energy policy, Scince Direct Publication

Web addresses

- Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea: www.ehu.es
- Escuela Universitaria Politécnica: www.politeknikoa.ehu.es
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica: www.ingeniaritza-elektrikoa.ehu.es
- Normas UNE : www.aenor.es
- Colegio de Peritos e Ingenieros Técnicos de Gipuzkoa: www.copitig.com
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación: www.micinn.es
- Red Eléctrica Española: www.ree.es
- Iberdrola: www.iberdrola.es