Latin Language IV: Vulgar Latin is taught in the second term of the second year. It is the fourth subject of the module dedicated to the learning of the Latin language, which aims to study the phonetic, morphological, syntactic and lexical features of what is known as "Vulgar Latin" and, on the other hand, the translation and philological commentary of "vulgar" texts or those with abundant presence of vulgarisms

The knowledge and skills acquired in the four subjects Latin Language I, II, III and IV constitute the basis for progressing, in the third and fourth years, with the subjects Latin Texts I, II and III (Medieval Latin).

The main objective of this subject is for students to deepen their knowledge of the fundamental characteristics of spoken or colloquial Latin, a variety different from the literary cultured language studied so far. This oral variety coexists with the cultured variety in all stages of the Latin language from Antiquity onwards, but it is known to us through written sources, especially from Late Antiquity onwards. The analysis of these sources, the translation and the commentary of the texts will allow us to understand the process of transformation and disappearance of Latin as well as the emergence and formation of the Romance languages.

Competences of the Module (Module: M13 Latin Philology):

CM04: Acquisition of a practice of translation of Latin texts and of linguistic and literary analysis.

Competences of the Degree (Degree in Philology):

G005: To be able to learn and update oneself permanently, as well as to pose and solve problems autonomously and in a team in order to be able to develop one's own professional academic project from diversity and multiculturalism.

G008: Relate specific knowledge related to philology with other areas and disciplines.

G010: To become familiar with the applied aspects of philology in editing and proofreading, which is based on education



EQF2: students are able to apply their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional manner and possess the competences usually demonstrated through the development and defence of arguments and problem solving within their field of study.

MEC3: Students should be able to gather and interpret relevant data (usually within their field of study) in order to make judgements that include reflection on relevant social, scientific or ethical issues.

MEC4: Students are able to convey information, ideas, problems and solutions to both specialist and non-specialist audiences.



LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this subject the student is expected to be able to:

- Acquire theoretical knowledge of the main defining linguistic features of Vulgar Latin in the various fields of grammar (phonetics, morphology, syntax, lexicon) (competences MEC1, MEC2, MEC4).

- Develop the ability to contrast Vulgar Latin with Classical Latin and thus be able to understand the diachronic evolution of the language in its different registers (competences MEC1, MEC2, MEC4).

- Correctly analyse, translate and comment on texts characterised by the presence of features of the spoken language (competences CM04, G005, G008, G010, MEC3).

- Acquire the ability to appreciate the link between Vulgar Latin and Neo-Latin or Romance languages through etymological exercises and comparative linguistics (competences CM04, G005, G008, G010, MEC3).

1. Vulgar Latin. Questions of terminology and substantive problems. The territorial differentiation of Latin. Disappearance of Latin and formation of Romance languages.



2. Sources for the study of Vulgar Latin: direct and indirect sources. Epigraphy. The Latin novel: Petronius and Apuleius. Epistolography.



3. Evolution of the Latin vowel system. Modifications of accent and quantity.

3.1. General and systematic modifications of the vowel system.

3.2. Asystematic modifications (syncopation, epenthesis, aphesis, assimilation, apocope, etc.).

3.3. Diphthongs and hiatuses



4. Evolution of the Latin consonant system: labio-velars, semivowels and palatalisation processes. Intervocalic occlusal consonants. Modifications undergone by groups of consonants.



5. Modifications of nominal inflection.



6. Modifications of adjective and pronominal inflection.

7. Modifications of verb conjugation.



8. Lexical and semantic modifications. Foreign elements.

9. Word order. Analytical vs. synthetic structure. Generalisation of the prepositional system.



10. Subordination: main modifications.

The methodology of the course will be based

- on the lecturer's theoretical expositions and explanations and, on the other hand,

- on the practice of the students on vulgar texts.

The practice will consist of the translation and linguistic and philological commentary of these texts, a task which will be directed, explained and corrected in the classroom.

The pedagogy of the theoretical part may be complemented with some reading indicated by the teacher.

All materials and assignments will be offered to students through the eGELA platform.

• Continuous Assessment System
• Final Assessment System
• Tools and qualification percentages:
  • Written test to be taken (%): 70
  • Realization of Practical Work (exercises, cases or problems) (%): 10
  • Individual works (%): 10
  • Team projects (problem solving, project design)) (%): 5
  • Exhibition of works, readings ... (%): 5

The assessment, preferably continuous, will consist of a series of tasks throughout the course (detailed below) and a final written test, which will consist of the following parts:

-Translation with dictionary and commentary of a text similar to those analysed and translated in class (Vulgar Latin sources). The commentary must be reasoned and justified with reference to the theory studied.

- A theoretical question to develop on one of the points made in class.

- Translation and commentary of a text seen.

This final exam, which will account for 70% of the mark, will be complemented by the submission of an individual translation project and the preparation in groups of two of a series of topics related to morphology, syntax or lexis which will be presented in class and handed in to the teacher (total of 30% of the mark).

Those who, for whatever reason, are unable to attend class, will have to prepare on their own the texts on which they will be examined in the "sight translation". On the other hand, they will have one more theoretical question in the final exam based on the topics worked on and presented by the different groups.

In accordance with the Regulations governing student assessment in official UPV/EHU undergraduate degrees, chapter II, art. 8.3, anyone wishing to waive continuous assessment must submit their waiver in writing to the lecturer responsible for the subject, for which they will have a period of 9 weeks from the start of the term, in accordance with the academic calendar of the centre. The Degree Management Regulations, chapter IV, art. 39, establishes that failure to sit the final exam means that the student will not be able to sit the assessment exam, which must be recorded in the grade as a No Show.

On the other hand, students may submit their resignation from the assessment session by writing to the lecturer teaching the subject no less than ten days before the start date of the official exam period.

Students who may be exempted from the proposed assessment system are listed in the aforementioned Regulations, Chapter IV, Article 43 Assessment Methods, and will sit a single final exam. http://www.ehu.eus/documents/1690128/1967605/norm_fac_letras_eval_final.pdf



Those who do not pass the course in the ordinary exam (regardless of the assessment system chosen), will have the right to sit the exam that makes up the final assessment test in the extraordinary exam.

Väänänen, V., Introducción al Latín Vulgar, Madrid, Gredos, 1995 (= París,1981).
Herman, J. , El latín vulgar, trad. esp.de M.C. Arias Abellán, Barcelona, Ariel, 1997 (=París 1975).
Díaz y Díaz, M., Antología del latín vulgar, Madrid, Gredos, 1974.

Basic bibliography

Väänänen, V., Introducción al Latín Vulgar, Madrid, Gredos, 1995 (= París,1981).

Herman, J. , El latín vulgar, trad. esp.de M.C. Arias Abellán, Barcelona, Ariel, 1997 (=París 1975).

Díaz y Díaz, M., Antología del latín vulgar, Madrid, Gredos, 1974.

Mariner,S., Latín Vulgar, I-III, Madrid, 1976 (Publicaciones de la UNED).

Grandgent, C.H., Introducción al latín vulgar, traducción esp. de F. de B. Moll, 4ª edic., 1970..

In-depth bibliography

Hoffmann, J. B., El latín familiar, traducción castellana de Juan Corominas, Madrid, 1958.
Pisani, V., Testi latini arcaici e volgari, Torino, 1960.
Palmer, L. R., Introducción al latín, trad. esp., Barcelona, 1974, cap. VI: "El latín vulgar".
Löfstedt, E. Late Latin, Oslo, 1959.
Mohrmann, Ch., Latin vulgaire, latin des chretiens, latin medieval, París, 1955.
Díaz y Díaz, M.C., "El latín de Hispania. 1. Rasgos lingüísticos. 2. Dialectalismos", en Enciclopedia Lingüística Hispánica, t.I, Madrid, 1960.
Mariner, S., "El latín de Hispania. Léxico" en Enciclopedia Lingüística Hispánica, t.I, Madrid, 1960.
Carnoy, A., Le latin d'Espagne d'après les inscriptions, reimp. Olms, Hisdedheim, 1971.
Löfstedt, E., Philologischer Kommentar zur Peregrinatio Aetheria, Uppsala, 1936 (1911).
García de la Fuente, O., Latín Bíblico y Latín Cristiano, Madrid, 1994.
Plater, W.E. / White, H. J., A Grammar of the Vulgate, Oxford, 1926.
Rönsch, H., Itala und Vulgata, reimp., Olms, Hildesheim, 1979.
Latin vulgaire, latin tardif: Actas de los diferentes "Colloques Internationals sur le Latin
vulgaire et tardif".
Wright, R., Latín y Romance Temprano, traduc. esp., Madrid, 1989.

Web addresses

http://kaali.linguist.jussieu.fr/CGL/index.jsp
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/resolveform